Section II. Cloze Test: Please choose the best word to complete each blank in the passages. (40%) Passage A: Online platforms have changed our incentives for sharing — they compete for our attention, so their algorithms are primed to promote the content we are most likely to click __(21) _ whether it benefits us as individuals or a community. People are more likely to share things that elicit moral emotions like outrage. As a result, our "outrage bar" continues to move firmly up as our feeds become saturated by egregious stories. We become numb to tragedies because we are unable to process the emotions they engender at the speed __(22) _ which they arise. As Yale Professor Molly Crockett said, "Just as a habitual snacker eats without feeling hungry, a habitual online shamer might express outrage without actually feeling outraged." We may also discover that, just as venting anger begets anger, __(23) _ outrage leads us to feel the emotion more deeply and consistently. Neither of these changes is good for humans. In this new climate, it is unclear to what ends we share at all. If someone has violated a moral norm in your community, it can be challenging to __(24) him in person. Online, however, it's a different story. It's often the case that the person you shame "publicly" via social media will never see the criticism at all. Your social audience is generally a group of like-minded people — those who have already __(25)__ into your filter bubble. Or as Crockett says: "Shaming a stranger on a deserted street is far riskier than __(26) _ a Twitter mob of thousands." One of the chief reasons we decry the actions of others digitally is for our own reputational benefit — so those like-minded people will like us even more. According to Crockett: "While offline punishment signals your virtue only to whoever might be watching, doing so online instantly __(27) _ your character to your entire social network and beyond." For instance, when we post #metoo on Facebook, we are advertising that we agree that __(28) _ and abuse are reprehensible. 21.